Hubs-4-hard – Churner

Which scenario would lead to increased osteoclast activity and what effect would this have on bone structure?

Prolonged immobilization; decreased trabecular density and thinner cortical bone

Post-menopausal estrogen loss; increased trabeculae thickness but decreased cortical strength

Vigorous exercise; alignment of trabeculae along stress lines

High dietary calcium intake; increased cortical bone thickness

None

Which sequence correctly represents the relationship between bone structures and their functions in resisting forces?

Osteons resist bending forces, trabeculae resist compressive forces, collagen resists tension

Osteons resist bending forces, trabeculae resist multidirectional forces, collagen resists tension

Lamellae resist compressive forces, trabeculae resist tension, hydroxyapatite resists bending forces

Trabeculae resist bending forces, osteons resist compressive forces, hydroxyapatite resists tension

None

What is the main difference between osteocytes and osteoblasts?

Osteocytes are immature cells, while osteoblasts are mature cells

Osteocytes secrete collagen, while osteoblasts resorb minerals

Osteocytes destroy bone, while osteoblasts form bone

Osteocytes maintain bone, while osteoblasts create new bone matrix

None

The ______ is the central part of an osteon, containing ______ and ______ for nutrient and waste transport

Central canal; blood vessels; nerves

Central canal; nerves; canaliculi

Lamellae; calcium; proteoglycans

Lacuna; trabeculae; bone marrow

None

Why do we have trabecular bone?

To increase weight of bone

To store minerals for bone resorption

To resist compressive forces

To resist forces from multiple directions

None

Why does bone remodeling continue throughout life?

To repair microfractures and adapt to mechanical stress

To allow constant growth in bone length

To produce new osteons in the periosteum

To replace inorganic components of the ECM

None

What happens when bone ECM loses its collagen content?

The bone becomes overly flexible

The bone becomes thicker

The bone loses its ability to resorb calcium

The bone becomes brittle

None

What component of bone ECM primarily provides resistance to tension?

Hydroxyapatite

Osteocytes

Proteoglycans

Collagen

None

At the macroscopic level, where is compact bone primarily located?

At the ends of long bones

Within the marrow cavity

Along the outer surface of bones

Surrounding the trabeculae of cancellous bone

None

10.

What structural feature allows compact bone to resist bending and twisting forces?

The collagen fiber orientation in lamellae

The periosteum

The porous nature of trabeculae

Osteocytes in lacunae

None