CELS-5-revision2

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the smooth ER and Golgi apparatus?

The smooth ER detoxifies harmful substances, which are then packaged by the Golgi for excretion

The smooth ER synthesizes lipids, which may be modified and sorted in the Golgi for membrane incorporation

The smooth ER synthesizes carbohydrates, which are later modified in the Golgi before export

The smooth ER produces ribosomes that are used by the Golgi for protein modification

None

Which of the following statements about protein transport is FALSE?

Proteins synthesized on free ribosomes remain in the cytoplasm

Vesicles transport proteins between organelles

Proteins destined for secretion are processed in the rough ER

The smooth ER modifies secreted proteins

None

Which of the following statements are FALSE?

Vesicles transport materials between organelles

Lysosomes play a role in programmed cell death

The rough ER is involved in lipid synthesis

The trans face of the Golgi ships vesicles to their destination

None

What is the primary difference between constitutive and regulated exocytosis?

Constitutive exocytosis is used for protein synthesis, while regulated exocytosis is used for carbohydrate storage

Constitutive exocytosis breaks down cellular components, while regulated exocytosis builds them

Constitutive exocytosis releases extracellular matrix proteins continuously, while regulated exocytosis occurs in response to signals

Constitutive exocytosis is only found in plant cells, while regulated exocytosis occurs in animal cells

None

The Golgi apparatus sorts proteins by adding molecular markers such as ______, which direct vesicles to their correct destinations.

Carbohydrate tags

ATP molecules

Phosphorylated sugars

Phospholipids

None

Which of the following types of vesicles is correctly matched with its function?

Vacuoles - deliver lipids to mitochondria for energy production

Transport vesicles - break down cellular debris

Secretory vesicles - store genetic material for replication

Lysosomes - degrade macromolecules using enzymes

None

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

The Golgi receives vesicles from the rough ER

The smooth ER detoxifies harmful substances

The lysosome contains digestive enzymes

All of the above

None

The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins by adding:

Glucose molecules to enable glycolysis

Lipids to help them dissolve in water

DNA sequences for genetic expression

Carbohydrates to create glycoproteins

None

The process of ______ is used to engulf large particles, while ______ is used to selectively absorb specific molecules.

Phagocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

Facilitated diffusion, active transport

Pinocytosis, exocytosis

Osmosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis

None

10.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is ________ and is vital for the storage of ______.

Isolated, calcium

Large, DNA

Dynamic, calcium ions

Tightly packed, ribosomes

None