CELS-2-revision2

Which characteristic distinguishes Archaea from Bacteria?

Mitosis

Presence of nucleus

Peptidoglycan in walls

None of the above

None

Which of the following best describes a phylogenetic tree?

A classification chart that groups organisms solely based on physical similarities.

A representation of the chronological appearance of species without considering their evolutionary connections.

A genetic map that only shows how modern species are related without considering extinct ancestors.

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among different organisms based on shared common ancestors.

None

Which of the following statements is true?

Gene transfer only happens in eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus.

All photosynthetic organisms belong to Eukarya.

Bacteria and Archaea are identical.

None

Which of the following statements is correct based on the comparison of the three domains of life?

Both Bacteria and Eukarya have a nuclear envelope, while Archaea do not.

Membrane-enclosed organelles are present in both Archaea and Eukarya but absent in Bacteria.

All three domains have species capable of growing at temperatures above 100°C.

Circular chromosomes are found in both Bacteria and Archaea, but not in Eukarya.

None

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Nucleus and organelles

Lack of ribosomes

Peptidoglycan walls

Circular DNA

None

Why is ribosomal RNA useful for studying evolution?

It is only in eukaryotes

It is conserved

It mutates frequently

It undergoes recombination

None

Which of the following is a key requirement for natural selection to occur?

Environmental factors have no influence on which traits are passed on.

Traits must be inherited and affect an organism’s survival or reproduction.

Evolution occurs within a single generation, without genetic variation.

All individuals in a population must have identical traits.

None

Why was early life likely anaerobic?

Both A & C

Anaerobes evolve faster

Oxygen was absent

Oxygen was toxic

None

Which statement about the three domains is true?

All three have organelles

Archaea and Bacteria lack nuclei

Only Bacteria and Archaea are single-celled

Eukarya has only multicellular organisms

None

10.

Which of the following statements is false?

Natural selection requires variation

All eukaryotes are multicellular

The tree of life shows evolutionary relationships

Life first appeared ~3.4 billion years ago

None