CELS-5-revision3

Which of the following best describes the function of vesicle docking sites?

They enable vesicles to recognize and fuse with target membranes

They assist in synthesizing carbohydrates for glycosylation

They break down the vesicles as they reach their destination site

They allow lysosomes to synthesize enzymes

None

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is FALSE?

It adds carbohydrate tags to proteins for sorting and transport

It receives vesicles from the rough ER

It modifies proteins before they reach their final destination

It synthesizes ATP for cellular processes

None

Which of the following is TRUE about autophagy?

It is a process exclusive to plant cells, where vacuoles break down waste

It is a mechanism by which cells secrete enzymes to degrade external debris

It is a cellular process where lysosomes degrade and recycle intracellular components

It involves the selective uptake of extracellular molecules through endocytosis

None

A key function of the smooth ER is:

Generating ribosomes for protein synthesis

Producing lipids and detoxifying harmful substances

Synthesizing ATP for energy production

Storing and modifying genetic material

None

The large central vacuole in plant cells is important because it:

Absorbs water to allow plant cells to grow without increasing cytoplasmic volume

Regulates the movement of vesicles between organelles and the flow of water

Releases water at a set rate to grow the cell without decreasing cytoplasmic volume

Maintains the cell’s genetic stability with the presence of water

None

Exocytosis is a bulk transport process that allows the cell to:

Capture bacteria and other harmful substances

Transport oxygen across the membrane

Release glycoproteins or deliver them to the plasma membrane

Absorb nutrients from the external environment

None

The major difference between constitutive and regulated exocytosis is that:

Constitutive exocytosis requires specific triggers for vesicle release

Regulated exocytosis occurs continuously without external signaling

Regulated exocytosis occurs in response to a signal, such as hormone release

Both processes involve vesicle fusion, but only regulated exocytosis requires a signal

None

Which of the following statements are TRUE?

The trans face of the Golgi apparatus directs vesicles toward their target

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste

The smooth ER plays a role in drug detoxification

All of the above

None

Fill in the blanks: The rough ER is responsible for ______, while the Golgi is responsible for ______.

Protein synthesis, modifying and sorting proteins

Carbohydrate storage, vesicle formation

Detoxification, ATP production

Lipid synthesis, protein folding

None

10.

Lysosomal storage diseases occur due to:

Excessive exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes

The accumulation of undigested macromolecules due to defective enzymes

The inability of lysosomes to store ATP efficiently

The uncontrolled synthesis of new organelles

None