Hubs-5-revision2

Which of the following is true about Bone Homeostasis

Bone Homeostasis allows for calcium and iron mobilization

Once a bone changes shape, it cannot be fixed

Without an adequate amount of calcium and moderate exercise, this homeostasis cannot be maintained

Once bone is produced, it is rarely destroyed

None

Why is bone remodeling necessary throughout life?

To produce hydroxyapatite in the periosteum.

To allow bones to continuously grow in length.

To replace the organic components of the ECM.

To repair microfractures and adapt to mechanical stress.

None

Why is the balance of osteoblast and osteoclast activity critical for mineral homeostasis?

Osteoblasts create hydroxyapatite, while osteoclasts remove collagen

Osteoblasts release calcium into the bloodstream, while osteoclasts store phosphate

Osteoblasts resorb trabeculae, while osteoclasts strengthen lamellae

Osteoblasts build bone to store minerals, while osteoclasts release them when needed

None

At the macroscopic level, compact bone forms the ______ surface of bones, while cancellous bone is found at the ______ of long bones.

Outer; ends

Spongy; shaft

Inner; periosteum

Dense; marrow cavity

None

Which process allows bones to adapt to mechanical strain over a lifetime?

Endochondral ossification

Bone remodeling

Appositional growth

Intramembranous ossification

None

How does the alignment of collagen fibers within lamellae benefit compact bone?

By resisting compressive forces in multiple directions

By reducing bone weight

By resisting bending and twisting forces

By providing rigidity to trabeculae

None

What is the main structural unit of compact bone?

Periosteum

Trabeculae

Osteons

Lacunae

None

Which process allows bones to grow in thickness?

Intramembranous ossification

Osteoclastic activity

Appositional growth

Endochondral ossification

None

Bone is composed of ______ organic material, such as ______, and ______ inorganic material, such as hydroxyapatite

33%; collagen; 67%

67%; proteoglycans; 33%

25%; trabeculae; 75%

50%; osteoblasts; 50%

None

10.

What is the main difference between compact and cancellous bone at the macroscopic level?

Compact bone is made entirely of trabeculae, while cancellous bone contains osteons.

Compact bone is porous, while cancellous bone is dense.

Compact bone contains marrow cavities, while cancellous bone does not.

Compact bone appears dense and solid, while cancellous bone has a spongy structure.

None